代写INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
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代写INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
•Chapter 1
•INTRODUCTION
TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
•Chapter 1
Learning Objectives
You should be able to:
•Describe a supply chain and define supply chain management.
•Describe the objectives and elements of supply chain management.
•Describe local, regional, and global supply chain management activities among services and manufacturing companies.
•Describe a brief history and some of the trends of supply chain management.
•Understand how the bullwhip effect impacts supply chain members.
•Chapter Outline
•Introduction
•Supply Chain Management Defined
•The Importance of Supply Chain Management
•The Origins of Supply Chain Management in the U.S.
•The Foundations of Supply Chain Management
•Current Trends in Supply Chain Management
•What is a Supply Chain?
A supply chain consists of the flow of products and services from:
§Raw materials manufacturers
§Component and intermediate manufacturers
§Final product manufacturers
§Wholesalers and distributors and
§Retailers
Connected by transportation and storage activities, and
Integrated through information, planning, and integration activities
Many large firms are moving away from in-house Vertically Integrated structures to Supply Chain Management
•What is a Supply Chain? (continued)
•What is Supply Chain Management?
The planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities … also includes coordination with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third party service providers, and customers.
Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals
The design and management of seamless, value-added processes across organizational boundaries to meet the real needs of the end customer.
Institute for Supply Management
The design, planning, execution, control and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand, and measuring performance globally.
Association for Operations Management
•What is Supply Chain Management? (continued)
•Old paradigm - Firm gained synergy as a vertically integrated firm encompassing the ownership and coordination of several supply chain activities. Organizational cultures emphasized short-term, company focused performance.
•New paradigm - Firm in a supply chain focuses activities in its area of specialization and enters into voluntary and trust-based relationships with supplier and customer firms.
§All participants in the supply chain benefit.
§Boundaries are dynamic and extend from “the firm’s suppliers’ suppliers to its customers’ customers (i.e., second tier suppliers and customers).”
§Supply chains also include reverse logistics activities to handle returned products, warranty repairs, and recycling.
•Importance of Supply Chain Management
For supply chain management to be successful firms must work together by sharing information on things like
§Demand forecasts
§Production plans
§Production changes
§New marketing strategies
§New technologies employed
§Purchasing plans
§Delivery dates
代写INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
•Importance of Supply Chain Management (continued)
Firms using Supply Chain Management:
1.Start with key suppliers
2.Move on to other suppliers, customers, and logistics services
3.Integrate second tier suppliers and customers (second tier refers to the customer’s customers and the supplier’s suppliers)
•Importance of Supply Chain
Management (continued)
Cost savings and better coordination of resources are reasons to employ Supply Chain Management
§Reduced Bullwhip Effect
•Defined as: Erratic demand forecasts causing excess safety stocks, which cause production planning problems.
•SCM reduces safety stocks and costs due to coordinated planning and better sharing of information
•Origins of Supply Chain Management (continued)
•Origins of Supply Chain Management
1950s-1960s
U.S. manufacturers focused on mass production techniques as their principal cost reduction and productivity improvement strategies
1960s-1970s
Introduction of new computer technologies lead to development of Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) and Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII) to coordinate inventory management and improve internal communication
•Origins of Supply Chain Management (continued)
1980s-1990s
Intense global competition led U.S. manufacturers to adopt:
§Supply Chain Management (SCM)
§Just-In-Time (JIT)
§Total Quality Management (TQM)
§Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
•Origins of Supply Chain Management (continued)
2000s and Beyond
Companies will focus on relationships, sustainability, and social responsibility
Companies will focus on improving supply chain capabilities with initiatives such as:
§ Third-party service providers (3PLs)
§ Integrating logistics
§ Client/server supply chain management software
•The Foundations of Supply Chain Management
•The Foundations of Supply Chain Management (continued)
Supply Elements:
§Supplier management - improve performance through
•Supplier evaluation (determining supplier capabilities)
•Supplier certification (third party or internal certification to assure product quality and service requirements)
§Strategic partnerships - successful and trusting relationships with top-performing suppliers
§Ethics and sustainability – recognizing suppliers’ impact on reputation and carbon footprint
§
•Important Elements of Supply Chain Management (continued)
Operations Elements:
§Demand management - match demand to available capacity
§Linking buyers & suppliers via MRP and ERP systems
§Use lean systems to improve the flow of materials to reduce inventory levels
§Employ Six Sigma to improve quality compliance among suppliers
•
•Important Elements of Supply Chain Management (continued)
Logistics Elements:
§Transportation management - tradeoff decisions between cost & timing of delivery / customer service via trucks, rail, water & air
§Customer relationship management - strategies to ensure deliveries, resolve complaints, improve communications, & determine service requirements
§Network design - creating distribution networks based on tradeoff decisions between cost & sophistication of distribution system
•Important Elements of Supply Chain Management (continued)
Integration Elements:
§Supply Chain Process Integration - when supply chain participants work for common goals. Requires intra-firm functional integration, with efforts to change attitudes & adversarial relationships
§Supply Chain Performance Measurement - Crucial for firms to know if procedures are working as expected
§High level supply chain performance will occur when strategies at each firm fit well with overall supply chain strategies
•Current Trends in Supply Chain Management
Contracting the Supply Chain
§U.S. firms are considering moving their foreign production back home. This is referred to as back-shoring, near-shoring, or right-shoring.
§Contributions to this trend include:
•Volatile fuel costs
•Decreasing labor costs differentials
•Desire to reduce delivery times
•
•Current Trends in Supply Chain Management (continued)
Managing Supply Chain Risk
§Risk includes disruptions (internal or external) causing potential reductions in service levels, product quality, and sales
§Firms must take a proactive approach to supply chain risk management.
§
•Current Trends in Supply Chain Management (continued)
Increasing Supply Chain Visibility
§Knowing exactly where products are, at any point in the supply chain
§Inventory visibility is made easier by technology
§Sophisticated software applications for tracking orders, inventories, deliveries, returned goods, and even employee attendance
代写INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
