代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II

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  • CHI255
    Human Anatomy II
    Unit Information and Learning Guide
    Semester One, 2016
    This information should be read in conjunction with the online learning materials
    which can be found on your MyUnits page.
    Unit Coordinator
    Dr Amanda Meyer
    School of Health Professions
    ECL 2.056
    90 South Street Murdoch WA 6150
    Phone: + 61 8 9360 2150
    © Published by Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, February 2016.
    This publication is copyright. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act no part of it may in
    any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or any other means be
    reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be broadcast or transmitted without the prior
    written permission of the publisher.
    Murdoch University  2
    Contents
    Unit information
    Information about the unit  3
    Contact details  10
    How to study this unit  11
    Resources for the unit  13
    Study schedule 18
    Assessment  19
    Learning guide
    Introduction  23
    Topic 1  HEAD & NECK  24
    Topic 2  THORAX  25
    Topic 3  ABDOMEN  26
    Topic 4  PELVIS & PERINEUM  27
    Assumed Knowledge from CHI108 28
    Murdoch University  3
    Information about the unit
    Welcome to:
    CHI255
    Human Anatomy II
    Unit description
    This unit has a regional clinically-oriented approach to gross human anatomy. The regions
    covered in this unit are the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineum. Emphasis
    is placed on the viscera, autonomic innervation, referred pain and the anatomical basis of
    common pathologies. Practical classes consist of cadaveric (prosection) laboratories, living
    (surface) anatomy and radiographic anatomy.
    Prerequisites
    BMS101 Introduction to the Human Body
    Exclusions
    CHI280 Human Anatomy I
    Aims of the unit
    The broad aims of this unit are to:
    1. To deepen your knowledge of the normal anatomy of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen,
    pelvis, and perineum.
    2. To familiarise you with cross-sectional anatomy.
    3. To provide you with opportunities to explore the normal anatomy of prosected human
    cadavers and living patients.
    4. To introduce you to the principles of radiographic anatomy.
    5. To encourage you to use your anatomical knowledge to identify normal structures on
    clinical images.
    Murdoch University  4
    Learning outcomes for the unit
    A consensus was reached at the Australian and New Zealand Association of Clinical
    Anatomists in December 2015 that a core anatomy syllabus for allied health professional
    should be based upon the following articles:
    Smith CF, Finn GM, Stewart J, Atkinson MA, Davies DC, Dyball R, Morris J, Ockleford C,
    Parkin I, Standring S, Whiten S, Wilton J, McHanwell S. (2015) The Anatomical Society core
    regional anatomy syllabus for undergraduate medicine. J Anat. 2015 Nov 27. doi:
    10.1111/joa.12405
    Moxham B, McHanwell S, Plaisant O, Pais D. (2015) A core syllabus for the teaching of
    neuroanatomy to medical students. Clin Anat. 2015 Sep;28(6):706-16. doi:
    10.1002/ca.22577.
    On successful completion of the unit you should be able to:
    Topic 1: HEAD AND NECK
    1. Identify the major foramina of the skull, both internally and externally, and list the
    structure(s) that each transmits.
    2. Describe the main muscles of the face and summarize their nerve supply and the
    consequences of injury to their nerve supply.
    3. Describe the anatomy of the eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland. Explain their
    importance for the maintenance of corneal integrity.
    4. Describe the actions and nerve supply of the intrinsic and extraocular muscles.
    Explain the consequences of injury to their nerve supply.
    5. Describe the anatomy of the following reflexes: direct and consensual light reflexes;
    accommodation reflex; corneal reflex.
    6. Describe the bones of the nasal cavity, in particular the major features of the lateral
    wall of the nasal cavity. Describe the arteries that supply the lateral wall and nasal
    septum in relation to epistaxis.
    7. Name the paranasal sinuses. Describe their relationship to the nasal cavity and their
    sites of drainage through its lateral wall. Explain their innervation in relation to
    referred pain.
    8. Describe the intracranial and intrapetrous course of the facial nerve and the
    relationships of its major branches to the middle ear in relation to damage of the
    nerve within the facial canal.
    9. Describe the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Explain the movements that
    occur during mastication and describe the muscles involved and their innervation.
    10. Describe the course and major branches of the maxillary artery, including the course
    and intracranial relations of the middle meningeal artery and its significance in
    extradural haemorrhage.
    11. Describe the anatomy of the sensory and motor components of the trigeminal nerve,
    including how their integrity is tested clinically.
    Murdoch University  5
    12. Describe the functional anatomy of the auricle, external acoustic meatus, tympanic
    membrane, auditory ossicles and the pharyngotympanic tube.
    13. Describe the anatomy of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
    and their autonomic secretor motor innervation.
    14. Describe the boundaries and major features of the oral cavity and summaries its
    sensory innervation.
    15. Describe the anatomy of the tongue, including its motor and sensory innervation and
    the role of its extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. Explain the deviation of the tongue on
    protrusion following hypoglossal nerve injury.
    16. Describe the anatomy, function and innervation of the muscles of the pharynx and
    soft palate.
    17. Describe the components of the gag reflex and how they are tested.
    18. Demonstrate the boundaries of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
    defined by the sternum, clavicle, mandible, mastoid process, trapezius,
    sternocleidomastoid and the midline.
    19. In the posterior triangle, demonstrate the position of the spinal accessory nerve, the
    roots and trunks of the brachial plexus, the phrenic nerve, the external jugular vein
    and subclavian vessels.
    20. In the anterior triangle, demonstrate the position of the common, internal and external
    carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve, the hyoid bone, the
    trachea, thyroid cartilage, larynx, thyroid and parathyroid glands.
    21. Demonstrate the origin, course and functions of the motor and sensory nerve supply
    to the larynx and the functional consequences of their injury.
    22. Describe the position and anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the
    significance of the courses of the laryngeal nerves.
    23. Demonstrate the origin, course and major branches of the common, internal and
    external carotid arteries and locate the carotid pulse.
    24. Describe the courses of the accessory, vagus and phrenic nerves in the neck.
    25. Describe the anatomy of the motor and sensory nerves to the head and neck and
    apply this knowledge to a neurological assessment of the cranial and upper cervical
    spinal nerves.
    26. Describe the sympathetic innervation of the head and neck including the features and
    main  causes  of  Horner’s  Syndrome.
    27. Describe the anatomy of the major groups of lymph nodes in the head and neck.
    28. Utilize standard diagnostic images, e.g. CT, MRI, x-ray to identify the normal anatomy
    of the head and neck.
    Topic 2: THORAX
    1. Demonstrate the main anatomical features and surface landmarks of the thoracic
    vertebrae, ribs and sternum.
    2. Describe the anatomy of the joints between the ribs, vertebrae, costal cartilage and
    sternum. Explain their contribution to the movements of ventilation.
    3. Describe the anatomy of the intercostal muscles. Describe a neurovascular bundle in
    a typical intercostal space and outline the structures its components supply.
    Murdoch University  6
    4. Describe the attachments and relations of the diaphragm and the structures that pass
    through and behind it. Explain the movements of the diaphragm, its motor and
    sensory innervation and pleural and peritoneal coverings.
    5. Describe the boundaries of the thoracic inlet and outlet and the structures that pass
    through them and their relations.
    6. Describe the arrangement and contents of the superior, anterior, middle and posterior
    parts of the mediastinum.
    7. Summarize the anatomy of the bronchial tree and bronchopulmonary segments and
    explain their functional and clinical significance.
    8. Describe the blood supply, innervation and venous and lymphatic drainage of the
    lungs. Describe the structures in the hilum of the lung and their relationships to each
    other and to the mediastinum.
    9. Demonstrate the surface markings of the pleura and the lobes and fissures of the
    lungs and explain their clinical relevance.
    10. Demonstrate the arrangement of the fibrous and serous layers of the pericardium and
    relate it to conditions such as cardiac tamponade and pericarditis.
    11. Describe the origin, course and main branches of the left and right coronary arteries
    and discuss the functional consequences of their obstruction in conditions such as
    ischaemic heart disease.
    12. Identify the major anatomical features of each chamber and explain their functional
    significance.
    13. Describe the structures and position of the atrioventricular, pulmonary and aortic
    valves and describe their function in the prevention of reflux of blood during the
    cardiac cycle.
    14. Demonstrate the surface markings of the heart and the position and site of
    auscultation of its four major valves.
    15. Describe the course of the ascending aorta, arch of aorta, descending thoracic aorta.
    Names their major branches and the structures they supply.
    16. Describe the origins, courses and relationships of the brachiocephalic veins, inferior
    and superior vena cavae and the azygos venous system.
    17. Describe the origin, course and distribution of the vagus and phrenic nerves.
    18. Describe the distribution and function of the sympathetic chains and thoracic
    splanchnic nerves. Explain the mechanism of referred pain from T1-5 sympathetic
    afferents to the chest wall and relate it to the thoracic viscera.
    19. Describe the course, major relations and neurovascular supply of the oesophagus
    within the thorax.
    20. Describe the course and major relations of the thoracic duct. Explain the lymph
    drainage within the thorax and its clinical significance.
    21. Describe the anatomy of the breast including tis neurovascular supply. Explain the
    lymphatic drainage of the breast and its clinical significance to metastatic spread.
    22. Identify major thoracic structures on standard diagnostic images. e.g. CT and X-ray.
    Murdoch University  7
    Topic 3: ABDOMEN
    1. Demonstrate the surface projections of the abdominal organs onto the four quadrants
    and nine descriptive regions of the abdomen.
    2. Describe the anatomy, innervation and functions of the muscles of the anterior, lateral
    and posterior abdominal walls. Discuss the functional relationships with the thoracic
    and pelvic diaphragms and their roles in posture, ventilation and voiding of
    abdominal/pelvic/thoracic contents.
    3. Describe the relationship between the femoral canal and the inguinal ligament and
    the anatomy of hernias.
    4. Demonstrate the surface projections of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen,
    kidneys, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix,
    ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon.
    5. Describe the organization and clinical significance of the parietal and visceral
    peritoneum,  the  greater  and  lesser  sacs,  mesenteries  and  peritoneal  ‘  ligaments’. 
    Explain the significance of the attachments of the ascending and descending colon to
    the posterior abdominal wall.
    6. Describe the functional anatomy of the small and large bowel mesenteries; their
    structure, location and their vascular, lymphatic and neural contents.
    7. Explain the nerve supply of the parietal and visceral peritoneum and the role of the
    visceral peritoneum in referred pain.
    8. Describe the position and functional anatomy of the stomach, its position, parts,
    sphincters, vascular, lymphatic and nerve supply and key relations to other abdominal
    organs.
    9. Describe the duodenum, its parts, position, secondary retroperitoneal attachment;
    vascular, lymphatic and nerve supply and key relations to other abdominal organs.
    10. Describe the regions and positions of the small and large intestine and their vascular,
    lymphatic and nerve supply. Describe the anatomical variations in the position of the
    appendix and explain their significance in relation to appendicitis.
    11. Describe the position and functional anatomy of the liver, its lobes, segments and
    their key anatomical relations. Explain the peritoneal reflections of the liver and its
    movement during ventilation. Summarise the functional anatomy of the portal vein,
    the portal venous system, porto-systemic anastomoses and their significance in portal
    hypertension.
    12. Describe the position, functional anatomy and vasculature of the gall bladder and
    biliary tree; explain their relations in the abdomen and the clinical significance of
    inflammation of the biliary system and biliary (gall) stones.
    13. Describe the position of form of the pancreas and its relations to other abdominal
    organs. Discuss the significance of these relations to pancreatitis and biliary stone
    disease.
    14. Describe the position and functional anatomy of the kidneys and ureters.
    Demonstrate their relations to other abdominal and pelvic structures. Discuss the
    clinical significance of renal and ureteric anatomy in relation to urinary stones.
    15. Describe the position and relations of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands and their
    functional anatomy.
    Murdoch University  8
    16. Describe the anatomy of the spleen, including its position, blood supply, surface
    markings, relations and peritoneal attachments. Explain the significance of these
    relations in trauma, chronic infection and haematopoietic disorders.
    17. Describe the origins, courses and major branches of the abdominal aorta, coeliac
    trunk superior and inferior mesenteric, renal and gonadal arteries. Describe the origin
    and course of the inferior vena cava and its major tributaries.
    18. Describe the anatomy of the lymph nodes draining the abdominal viscera and their
    significance in relation to metastatic spread.
    19. Utilize standard diagnostic images, e.g. CT, x-ray, ultrasound to identify the normal
    radiographic anatomy of the abdomen.
    Topic 4: PELVIS & PERINEUM
    1. Describe the anatomy and functional importance of the pelvic diaphragm, its midline
    raphe, perineal body, attachment points and the structures passing through it in
    males and females. Describe the clinical significance of the pelvic diaphragm, e.g. in
    relation to continence, prolapse and episiotomy.
    2. Describe the anatomy of the bladder, its base and ureteric openings and its
    relationship to the overlying peritoneum. Explain how the position of the bladder
    changes with filling and during pregnancy.
    3. Describe the anatomy of the urethra; explain the anatomy of tis different parts in
    males and females in relation to continence and urinary tract infections.
    4. Describe the anatomy of the scrotum, testis and epididymis. Explain the significance
    of the vascular supply of the testis in relation to torsion and varicocele and the
    lymphatic drainage in relation to tumor spread.
    5. Describe the structures and course of the spermatic cord and ductus (vas) deferens.
    6. Describe the anatomy and relations of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
    7. Describe the anatomy and relations of the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix and
    vagina, including peritoneal coverings. Describe the changes that occur in the uterus
    and cervix with pregnancy.
    8. Describe the origin, course and relations of the ovarian, uterine, vaginal and testicular
    arteries.
    9. Describe the anatomy and neurovascular supply of the penis, scrotum, the clitoris,
    vulva and vagina. Explain the anatomy of the urogenital diaphragm and perineal
    ‘pouches”.
    10. Describe the origin, course and distribution of the pudendal nerves and the sites of
    pudendal nerve block.
    11. Describe the anatomy, relations and peritoneal coverings of the sigmoid colon,
    rectum and anal canal. Explain the functional anatomy of puborectalis, the anal
    sphincters and their role in faecal continence.
    12. Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the distal bowel; the supply from
    superior rectal (from inferior mesenteric), middle rectal (from internal iliac) and inferior
    rectal arteries (from internal pudendal to anal canal only), and porto-systemic venous
    anastomoses. Explain the clinical significance of the blood supply and venous
    drainage of the distal bowel, e.g. in continence, haemorrhoids and anal fissures.
    13. Briefly describe the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic and perineal organs.
    Murdoch University  9
    Graduate attributes developed in the unit
    This unit will contribute to the development of the following Graduate Attributes.
    ?  Communication
    ?  Critical and creative thinking
    ?  Social interaction
    ?  Independent and lifelong learning
    ?  Ethics
    ?  Interdisciplinarity
    ?  In-depth knowledge of a field of study
    What you need to know
    Generic information which students need to know is available at What you need to know web
    page.
    The information includes:
    ?  links to the Assessment Policy
    ?  a description of Academic Integrity
    ?  links to information about:
    Examinations; Non-discriminatory language; Student appeals; Student complaints;
    Conscientious objection and assessment policy
    ?  determination of grades from components/marks
    ?  information for equity students
    This unit was originally written by:
    Dr Amanda Meyer, 8 th February 2016.
    Murdoch University  10
    Contact details
    Unit  Coordinator’s contact details
    Human Anatomy Lecturer
    Name: Dr. Amanda Meyer, PhD
    Room: ECL 2.056
    Phone: +61 8 9360 2150
    Radiographic Anatomy Lecturers
    Name: Assoc. Prof. Jeff Cooley
    Room: ECL 2.048
    Phone: +61 8 9360 2754
    Name: Dr. Ken Young
    Room: ECL 2.066
    Phone: +61 8 9360 7370
    Cadaveric Anatomy Demonstrator
    Name: Dr. Emad Ardakani
    Room: ECL 2.057
    Phone: +61 8 9360 2617
    Living Anatomy Demonstrator
    Name: Dr. Amber Beynon
    Administrative contact details
    Name: Ms Colette Larsen
    Room: BITL 1.003
    Phone: + 61 8 9360 6019
    Murdoch University  11
    How to study this unit
    Students should print off material placed on the LMS and read relevant sections of the
    textbook prior to coming to the lecture or practical sessions. In doing so, you will be prepared
    to actively engage in learning and class discussions.
    CHI255 Human Anatomy II is a demanding unit with a large workload. You are expected to
    develop a thorough understanding of the gross anatomy of the human body and to be able to
    recall key knowledge. Retention of anatomy knowledge learned in this unit will form the basis
    of your success in later units.
    What will help you LEARN anatomy?
    ?  Strategic learning: deep on important content, surface for other details.
    ?  Focus on understanding rather than memorisation.
    ?  Engage in lectures, tutorials and laboratories.
    ?  Allocate lots of time for self-directed study and revision (AVOID CRAMMING!!!)
    ?  Regularly review course content (repeated re-learnings will increase your retention)
    ?  Regulary test yourself – quizzes on LMS, online quizzes, apps, flashcards
    “Successful  learning  of  anatomy  requires  a  balance  between  memorisation 
    with  understanding  and  visualisation”  (Pandey and Zimitat, 2007).
    The anatomy prosection and radiology laboratories (Amen 2.001/ 2.014) are contextual
    learning environments. Attendance at all practical sessions is MANDATORY and
    attendance records will be reviewed. By attending these practical sessions, you can integrate
    the theory learned in the lectures with being able to visualise and explore human cadaver
    prosections, models and radiographs – giving you the complete picture. Students are
    expected to engage in the practical sessions and ensure that they allow themselves enough
    time to view all material and complete their weekly lab worksheets. As second year students,
    it is expected that you can identify what you need to view and can manage your time in the
    lab to achieve this without the need for timed stations. This style of practical session is
    normal for second year anatomy students at many universities and helps students develop
    the critical skills of organisation and time management.
    Contact time
    5 contact hours/week:
    1 hour cadaveric anatomy laboratory class
    1 hour radiographic anatomy lecture
    1 hour radiographic anatomy practical class
    1 hour anatomy tutorial
    1 hour living anatomy practical class
    5 non-contact hours/week – directed or self-directed study
    Murdoch University  12
    Time commitment
    As this is a 3 credit point unit, we expect you to spend on average 10 hours per week for the
    total weeks of this teaching period (or 150 hours overall) working on this unit.
    Attendance requirements
    Attendance at all practical and laboratory classes is MANDATORY as resources from these
    classes (not available online) form the majority of assessments in this unit.
    Small group and interactive teaching and learning activities
    Our practical sessions (cadaveric, living and radiographic anatomy) are designed to be
    undertaken in pairs or small groups to endorse the principle that small group and interactive
    learning and teaching is an important part of the Murdoch experience.
    Unit changes in response to student feedback
    ?  Increased emphasis on living anatomy.
    ?  Online class tests with specific feedback once assessment is finished.
    ?  Formative quizzes (Moodle or Socrative) to prepare for class tests.
    ?  Increased clinical application.
    ?  Videos using anatomy laboratory specimens.
    ?  Tutorial sessions.
    ?  Lists of structures to identify for each laboratory class to provide more direction.
    ?  Digital learning station now provided in the Human Anatomy Laboratory.
    Murdoch University  13
    Resources for this unit
    It is essential that you have at least one theory textbook:
    McKinley  MP,  O’Loughlin  VD,  Pennerfather-O’Brien  EE  &  Harris  RT 
    (2014) Human Anatomy. 4 th edition. McGrawHill.
    (Textbook from BMS101 and CHI108)
    or
    Moore KL, Dally AF & Agur AMR (2013) Clinically Oriented Anatomy.
    LWW.[PREFERRED]
    It is essential that you have a cadaver atlas, I recommend:
    Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., Lutjen-Drecoll, E., Chung, K.W. (2011) Color Atlas
    of Anatomy: A Photographic Study of the Human Body. 7 th Edition. LWW.
    ISBN: 978-1-58255-856-1 [ESSENTIAL used in CHI108, CHI255, CHI234]
    It is recommended that you have a colouring book, I recommend:
    Kapit, W., and Elson, L.M. (2014) The anatomy coloring book. 4 th
    edition. Pearson. ISBN: 978-0-321-83201-6. [RECOMMENDED]
    Murdoch University  14
    It is essential that you have a text for living anatomy palpation classes:
    Bickley  LS  (2013)  Bates’  Guide  to  Physical 
    Examination and History Taking. 11 th edition.
    LWW. ISBN: 9781609137625
    South Street Library Reserve: 616.0754 BIC
    2013
    This is the same required textbook that you
    will need next semester for CHI293 Physical
    Examination.
    or
    Muscolino, J.E. (2009) The muscle and bone palpation manual
    with trigger points, referral patterns, and stretching. 1st edition.
    Mosby. ISBN: 978-0-323-05171-2.
    or
    Cael, CJ (2011) Functional Anatomy: Musculoskeletal
    Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Palpation for Manual Therapists.
    LWW. ISBN: 9781451127911
    Murdoch University  15
    Recommended radiology text books (any 1 of the following):
    Marchiori DM (2013) Clinical Imaging: with Skeletal, Chest, &
    Abdominal Pattern Differentials, 3rd edition. Elsevier, St Louis.
    ISBN: 9780323084956
    Weir J, Abrahams PH, Spratt JD, Salkowski LR (2010) Imaging Atlas of
    Human Anatomy. 4th edition, Mosby, Elsevier, London. ISBN:
    9780723434573
    Yochum TR, Rowe LJ (2004) Essentials in Skeletal Radiology 3rd ed. LWW.
    ISBN: 9780781739467
    [Note: For chiropractic students, this text will also be
    used in 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th year units]
    Wicke L, (2004) Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy, 7th English edition, Urban and
    Schwarzenberg, Baltimore. 611.00222
    The following will be provided during the teaching period:
    ?  lecture slides
    ?  lecture recordings
    ?  digital media
    ?  workshop handouts
    ?  laboratory instructions/workbooks
    ?  print and electronic library material
    ?  articles on the web
    Murdoch University  16
    Personal protective equipment for the prosection lab:
    Laboratory coat*, closed-in shoes # , hair ties.
    *A number of laboratory coats are available for hire at $2 per session.
    #  For safety reasons, you will NOT be permitted in the Anatomy Laboratory with
    shoes that do not cover the dorsum of your foot.
    Appropriate attire for the surface anatomy class:
    ? Examination gown and shorts
    ? Towels/sheets (to protect examination tables and for modesty)
    ? Non-permanent skin marking pencil
    You are recommended to purchase an examination gown (~ $20) for
    palpation classes. This will be used in other chiropractic units such as
    CHI234, CHI293 and third year onwards.
    http://www.hospitalgowns.com.au
    You should have your diagnostic set for classes in Topic 1 and for further use next semester
    in CHI293 and onwards!
    Dr Ardakani recommends:
    Welch Allyn 2.5v LED Non-rechargeable Coaxial Diagnostic Set
    Welch Allyn 3.5v Coaxial Diagnostic Set - 97200-BI
    A good-quality stethoscope will be useful for classes in Topic 2.
    IMMUNISATION
    Students should please note that immunisation is required for the chiropractic
    program according to Category A, Schedule 1 of the University policy on vaccination
    seen here: https://policy.murdoch.edu.au/dotNet/documents/?docid=1536&mode=view
    Other vaccinations may be required when treating special populations.
    Murdoch University  17
    Recommended apps (recommended by previous students):
    1. Essential Anatomy 5 (by 3D4Medical.com)
    2. Essential Skeleton 5 (by 3D4Medical.com)
    3. Anatomy Learning – 3D Atlas (by AnatomyLearning)
    4. Human Anatomy Atlas ( by Visible Body)
    Recommended Facebook pages
    1. Daily Anatomy
    2. Human Anatomy Education
    3. Radiopaedia.org
    Recommended Tweeters to Follow
    1. @amandameyerphd
    2. @kenhub_com
    3. @AkramJaffar
    4. @Radiopaedia
    5. @AnatomyWorld
    6. @AnatomyZone
    Recommended YouTubes from previous students:
    http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCV2c5vgFcf591rZPv6VDkXA
    http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFVr9WK_jSsZrWnQWwKGT2A
    http://www.youtube.com/user/yojimbo1973/videos
    http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCesNt4_Z-Pm41RzpAClfVcg
    http://www.youtube.com/user/DrawItKnowIt/videos
    Helpful online resources:
    1. https://www.kenhub.com/
    2. http://www.biodigital.com
    3. http://www.aclandanatomy.com
    4. http://thepoint.lww.com/student

    代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II

     
    19
    Assessment
    Assessment for this unit is conducted in accordance with the Assessment Policy.
    Schedule of assessment items
    You will be assessed on the basis of:
    Assessment item  Description
    Aligned
    Learning
    Outcomes
    Value  Due
    Formative Radiology
    Quizzes
    Image based quizzes relating to the
    topic of the week. Run during
    radiology practical session.
    Topics 1-3  0%  Weekly
    Online Tests
    1
    2
    3
    Imaged-based MCQ or short-
    answer Moodle Quiz. To be sat on
    campus in computer lab LB3.034.
    Closed book. Supervised.
    Covers:
    Topic 1
    Topic 2
    Topics 3&4
    20%
    20%
    20%
    23 March
    20 April
    26 May
    Oral
    Presentation
    Group of four students to present a
    20 minute evidence-based
    presentation, lecture slides and
    group meeting minutes.
    Topics 1-4  20%
    Weeks 10,
    12, 14
    Practical
    Examination
    Objective-structured practical
    examination. Covers material from
    living and radiographic anatomy
    classes. Stations will be designed
    to bring all of your anatomical
    knowledge together in application.
    Topics 1-4  20%
    Examinatio
    n Period
    Assessment details
    Formative Radiology Quizzes
    ?  Projected images during practical sessions (in Amen. 2.014).
    ?  Short answer, MCQ, or T/F format.
    ?  Applies practical skills and theoretical knowledge
    ?  2-4 questions per quiz
    ?  Relates to topic covered that week.
    ?  Formative quiz format assists students in preparing for the radiology components of
    the Anatomy Tests and Practical Examination.
    Online Tests
    ?  Moodle Quizzes.
    ?  Supervised on campus in computer lab LB3.034.
    ?  Image-based multiple-choice or short-answer questions.
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    ?  Images will be largely drawn from practical & laboratory classes (i.e.
    cadaveric/living/radiographic anatomy) and may be supplemented by those from the
    essential textbooks.
    ?  Each test will have between 20-60 questions.
    ?  Will be worth 20% of the final grade each (3 x 20% = 60%)
    Oral Presentation
    ?  Students will form groups of four during the first class.
    ?  Groups will nominate a topic from a list provided by the Unit Coordinator.
    ?  Students will provide a group oral presentation in either week 10, 12 or 14.
    ?  Students will submit the lecture slides and meeting minutes AT LEAST 24 hours
    prior to the delivery of the oral presentation.
    ?  Students will deliver a 15 minute oral presentation and will be marked according to
    the following rubric:
    Organisation (15%)
    15
    Consistently clear, concise,
    well organized. Points were
    easy to follow because of the
    organization. Transitions
    between sections were
    smooth and coordinated.
    11
    Usually clear, concise, well
    organized. Most of the
    presentation was easy to
    follow. Transitions between
    sections usually coordinated.
    8
    Not always clear or concise.
    Organisation was adequate,
    but weak. Occasionally
    wandered and was
    sometimes difficult to follow.
    Transitions between sections
    weak.
    4
    Often unclear and
    disorganised, rambled too
    much. The presentation was
    confusing and difficult to
    follow. Transitions between
    sections awkward.
    Topic Knowledge (20%)
    20
    Displayed an excellent grasp
    of the material.
    Demonstrated excellent
    mastery of content,
    applications and implications.
    Excellent depth of knowledge
    through literature search and
    research.
    15
    Displayed a general grasp of
    the material. Demonstrated
    good mastery of content,
    application and implications.
    Good research depth.
    10
    Displayed some grasp of the
    material. Demonstrated
    adequate mastery of content,
    application and implications.
    Research not very deep.
    5
    Displayed a poor grasp of the
    material. Demonstrated a
    superficial handling of
    content, application and
    implications. Little depth of
    research.
    Anatomical Knowledge (20%)
    20
    Clear synthesis of basic
    anatomy to the clinical
    setting. Clearly displayed
    mastery of anatomical
    knowledge and role in
    chosen topic.
    15
    Exhibited some anatomical
    knowledge and its link to the
    chosen topic.
    10
    Minimal grasp of anatomical
    knowledge. Had difficulty
    applying anatomical
    relevance to topic.
    5
    Lacked understanding of
    relationship of basic
    anatomical knowledge to
    their clinical topic.
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    Visual Aids (15%)
    15
    Simple, clear, easy to read
    and interpret. Well-
    coordinated with content, well
    designed, used very
    effectively. Excellent example
    of how to prepare and use
    good visual aids.
    11
    Usually clear, easy to read
    and interpret. Generally well-
    coordinated with content,
    design was OK, generally
    used effectively.
    Demonstrated some
    understanding of how to use
    visual aids.
    8
    Marginally acceptable, too
    complex, crowded, difficult to
    read and interpret. Adequate
    coordination with content.
    Used only adequately.
    Showed little understanding
    of how to prepare and use
    visual aids.
    4
    Poor quality visual aids (or
    none), hard to read,
    technically inaccurate, poorly
    constructed. Poor
    coordination of content. Used
    poorly. The presenter did not
    seem to know how to prepare
    or use visual aids effectively.
    Determination of Unit Mark and Grade
    Component marks shall be combined consistent with the weightings assigned to the
    components  as  illustrated  in  the  “Schedule  of  assessment  items  &  assessment  details” 
    above. The University does not allow marks and grades to be scaled.
    University grades are awarded as follows:
    Summary (15%)
    15
    Clear, concise, major points
    emphasized, clear
    recommendations, strong
    conclusion or call for action.
    11
    Referred to main points,
    recommendations weak or
    missing, weak conclusions or
    call for action.
    8
    Vague mention of major
    points, no recommendations,
    weak conclusion, weak or no
    call for action.
    4
    No summary, no
    recommendations, no
    conclusions, no call for
    action.
    Stage Presence (15%)
    15
    Excellent stage presence.
    Confident, used notes well, at
    ease, excellent gestures,
    good audience attention,
    good eye contact.
    11
    Good stage presence. Fairly
    confident, used notes fairly
    well, good gestures,
    acceptable audience
    attention and eye contact.
    8
    Adequate stage presence.
    Read parts, fumbled with
    notes, several distracting
    mannerisms, minimal
    gestures, minimal eye
    contact,  too  many  “ums”.
    4
    Poor stage presence.
    Unprepared, awkward, poor
    eye  contact,  lots  of  “ums”, 
    turned from audience to read
    projection/notes, shuffled
    feet, fidgeted. Poor gestures.
    Additional Feedback
    Specific strengths of
    presentation
    Specific weaknesses of
    presentation
    Murdoch University  22
    Deferred Assessment
    Students seeking to defer assessment due prior to the beginning of the last week of the
    academic period must lodge an application in writing to the Unit Coordinator, who shall
    determine the outcome of the application in accordance with Section 9 of the Assessment
    Policy 2016. The appropriate documentation can be found at:
    http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Student-life/_document/Useful-forms/DeferAssess.pdf
    For more information, visit:
    http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Student-life/Get-organised/About-exams/Deferred-
    assessment/
    Supplementary Assessment
    If a student achieves an overall unit score between 45-49%, the Unit Coordinator may, in
    accordance with Assessment Guideline section 4, decide to offer a supplementary
    assessment. The Unit Coordinator will review class attendance, participation and
    assessment results to determine if a further opportunity to demonstrate achievement of
    the  unit’s  Learning  Outcomes  is  warranted.

    代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II

     
    Murdoch University  23
    Murdoch University  24
    Administration Information
    Please click on the links below to access the following policies of Murdoch University:
    Assessment Policy
    Complaints Management Policy
    Conscientious Objection in Teaching and Assessment Policy
    Non-discriminatory language
    Student Appeals Policy
    Student Code of Conduct
    Student Disability Policy
    Technical help available at:
    http://our.murdoch.edu.au/Educational-technologies/
    Copyright information at:
    http://library.murdoch.edu.au/Copyright-matters/Student-support/
    Murdoch University  25
    Learning Guide
    Introduction
    CHI255 Human Anatomy II will provide students with a thorough knowledge of the gross
    (living and cadaveric) and radiographic anatomy of musculoskeletal and visceral
    components of the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis.
    Living and radiographic anatomy are core components of CHI255 as after graduation, most
    health professionals will experience anatomy as either living anatomy (e.g. palpation;
    manipulation; massage) or clinical images (e.g. ultrasound; x-ray; CT; MRI). This unit aims to
    give students a solid foundation of anatomy on which to build on in future units such as
    Physical Examination (CHI293) and clinical practice.
    This Learning Guide contains information on how to study each topic, including:
    ?  Introductory information
    ?  Learning activities/tasks
    ?  Resources required for the topic
    ?  How  the  topic  contributes  to  the  unit’s  learning  outcomes
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    Topic 1: HEAD & NECK
    What you need to do
    ? Attend all classes
    ? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
    ? Navigate to Topic 1: HEAD & NECK on the CHI255 page.
    ? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
    ? Complete formative & summative assessments.
    Learning outcomes
    Listed on pages 4 & 5 of this document.
    Resources for this topic
    All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
    To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
    Essential textbook
    Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7 th edition. LWW,
    Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
    Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8 th edition.
    Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
    Bickley  LS  &  Szilagyi  PG  (2013)  Bates’  guide  to  physical  examination  and  history-taking. 11 th
    edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-762-5
    Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
    Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
    Murdoch University  27
    Learning activities/tasks
    ?  Group work/project
    ?  Lab activities
    ?  Online discussion
    ?  Quizzes
    ?  Self-assessments
    ?  Study and tutorial questions
    ?  Workshop activities
    Topic 2: THORAX
    What you need to do
    ? Attend all classes
    ? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
    ? Navigate to Topic 2:THORAX on the CHI255 page.
    ? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
    ? Complete formative & summative assessments.
    Learning outcomes
    Listed on pages 5 & 6 of this document.
    Resources for this topic
    All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
    To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
    Essential textbook
    Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th edition. LWW,
    Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
    Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8th edition.
    Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
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    Bickley  LS  &  Szilagyi  PG  (2013)  Bates’  guide  to  physical  examination  and  history-taking.
    11th edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-
    762-5
    Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
    Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
    Learning activities/tasks
    ?  Group work/project
    ?  Lab activities
    ?  Online discussion
    ?  Quizzes
    ?  Self-assessments
    ?  Study and tutorial questions
    ?  Workshop activities
    Topic 3: ABDOMEN
    What you need to do
    ? Attend all classes
    ? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
    ? Navigate to Topic 3: ABDOMEN on the CHI255 page.
    ? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
    ? Complete formative & summative assessments.
    Learning outcomes
    Listed on pages 6 & 7 of this document.
    Resources for this topic
    All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
    Murdoch University  29
    To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
    Essential textbook
    Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th edition. LWW,
    Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
    Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8th edition.
    Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
    Bickley  LS  &  Szilagyi  PG  (2013)  Bates’  guide  to  physical  examination  and  history-taking.
    11th edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-
    762-5
    Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
    Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
    Learning activities/tasks
    ?  Group work/project
    ?  Lab activities
    ?  Online discussion
    ?  Quizzes
    ?  Self-assessments
    ?  Study and tutorial questions
    ?  Workshop activities
    Topic 4: PELVIS & PERINEUM
    What you need to do
    ? Attend all classes
    ? Log on to the Learning Management System (LMS).
    ? Navigate to Topic 4: PELVIS & PERINEUM on the CHI255 page.
    ? Read lecture notes or watch lecture recordings posted on LMS.
    ? Complete formative & summative assessments.
    Murdoch University  30
    Learning outcomes
    Listed on page 8 of this document.
    Resources for this topic
    All resources, except for the essential textbooks, will be linked or uploaded to the LMS.
    To undertake study for this topic, you will need:
    Essential textbook
    Moore KL, Dalley AF & Agur AM (2014) Clinically oriented anatomy. 7th edition. LWW,
    Baltimore, MD, USA. ISBN: 978-1-4511-1945-9.
    Rohen JW, Yokochi C & Lutjen-Drecoll E (2016) Anatomy: A Photographic Atlas. 8th edition.
    Schattauer GmbH and Wolters Kluwer. Germany. ISBN: 978-1-4511-9318-3
    Bickley  LS  &  Szilagyi  PG  (2013)  Bates’  guide  to  physical  examination  and  history-taking.
    11th edition. Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-1-60913-
    762-5
    Recommended reading, online resources & Audio-visual media
    Will be linked or placed on the LMS.
    Learning activities/tasks
    ?  Group work/project
    ?  Lab activities
    ?  Online discussion
    ?  Quizzes
    ?  Self-assessments
    ?  Study and tutorial questions
    ?  Workshop activities
    Murdoch University  31
    Topic 1: Assumed knowledge from CHI108
    1. Be able to identify and use correct terminology to define the three common anatomic planes
    2. Compare, contrast and use the proper terms to describe directions in the body.
    3. Compare and describe the organisation of grey and white matter in the brain.
    4. Identify the subdivisions of the brain (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe,
    cerebellum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata).
    5. Describe the characteristics of the cranial meninges and the cranial dural septa.
    6. Identify the ventricles of the brain (lateral x 2, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth
    ventricle).
    7. Identify the major arteries supplying the brain: vertebral arteries, basilar artery, internal carotid
    arteries.
    8. Identify the vessels of the cerebral arterial circle (anterior cerebral artery, anterior
    communicating artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior
    cerebral artery).
    9. Identify the divisions of the diencephalon (pineal gland, thalamus, hypothalamus) and briefly
    describe their functions.
    10. Identify the components of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) and briefly
    describe their functions.
    11. Identify the divisions of the cerebellum and briefly describe its function.
    12. Identify the 12 cranial nerves and describe their location.
    13. Describe the principal functions of each cranial nerve pair.
    14. Identify the cranial nerves involved in gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium and hearing.
    15. Draw and describe a section through the spinal cord.
    16. Compare and contrast the distribution of white and grey matter in the spinal cord versus
    cerebrum.
    17. Draw and describe a typical spinal nerve formation.
    18. Understand the differences between dorsal and ventral spinal cord roots.
    19. Understand the differences between the dorsal and ventral primary rami.
    20. Understand the differences between spinal cord roots and spinal nerve.
    21. Define the concept of a dermatome and understand its clinical significance.
    22. Understand the concept of nerve plexuses (you will not be required to name individual
    peripheral nerves in CHI108, you will in CHI255 and CHI234).
    Murdoch University  32
    23. Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions of the somatic and autonomic nervous
    systems.
    24. Compare and contrast the anatomy of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
    25. Identify and use the anatomic terms that describe the surface features of bone
    26. Identify bone markings on the major bones of the human skeleton.
    27. Describe the three structural categories of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.
    28. Be able to structurally classify the joints of the human body.
    29. Describe the functional categories of joints: synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses.
    30. Be able to functionally classify the joints of the human body.
    31. Be able to draw and describe the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
    32. Be able to draw and describe the intervertebral (IV) joints.
    33. Identify the cranial and facial bones of the skull.
    34. Locate and name the sutures between the cranial bones.
    35. Describe the structure of the nasal complex and paranasal sinuses.
    36. Identify the three auditory ossicles.
    37. Discuss the structure of the hyoid bone.
    38. Compare the morphology between male and female skulls.
    39. Compare and contrast child and adult skulls.
    40. Identify the parts of a typical vertebra.
    41. Compare the vertebrae from each region of the vertebral column.
    42. Be able to draw vertebrae from each region of the vertebral column.
    43. Identify the major muscles involved in facial expression. Be able to recall their origin, insertion
    and action.
    44. Identify the muscles of mastication and outline how each affects mandibular movement. Be able
    to recall their origin, insertion and action.
    45. Identify the muscles involved in the major movements of the head and neck. Be able to recall
    their origin, insertion and action.
    46. Identify the infrahyoid (omohyoid, thyroid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid) and suprahyoid
    (digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid) muscles.
    47. Identify and understand the origin, insertion and action of the following muscles: levator
    scapulae, longissimus capitis, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoids, scalenes, splenius
    capitis/cervicis and sternocleidomastoid (for head and neck region).
    Murdoch University  33
    48. Identify the following blood vessels in the head and neck region: aortic arch, brachiocephalic
    trunk, common carotid artery, external carotid artery, external carotid artery, internal carotid
    artery, circle of Willis, subclavian artery, external jugular vein, internal jugular vein.
    Topic 2: Assumed knowledge (CHI108)
    1. Identify the position and location of the heart.
    2. Discuss the structure and function of the pericardium.
    3. Describe the external anatomy of the heart and its major vessels.
    4. Observe and identify the internal anatomic characteristics of each heart chamber.
    5. Identify the location and origins of the coronary arteries.
    6. Describe the effect of sympathetic versus parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
    7. Identify and describe the anatomy and function of the lungs.
    8. Trace the pattern of blood flow through the heart and lungs.
    9. Compare and contrast fetal versus adult circulation.
    10. Compare and contrast the structure of arteries and veins.
    11. List and describe the major blood vessels involved in blood flow to and from all the body tissues.
    12. Vessels you should be able to identify include:
    a. aortic arch
    b. brachiocephalic trunk
    c. common carotid artery
    d. external carotid artery
    e. internal carotid artery
    f. external jugular vein
    g. internal jugular vein
    h. subclavian artery
    i.  axillary artery
    j.  descending aorta
    k. pulmonary artery
    l.  pulmonary vein
    m. superior vena cava
    n. inferior vena cava

    代写 CHI255 Human Anatomy II