152.252 Project Management 项目管理 assignment 代写
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152.252 Project Management 项目管理 assignment 代写
152.252 Project Management
Administration Guide 2017
i
School of Management
152.252
Project Management
15 Credits
Administration Guide
Semester 1, 2017
Course Coordinators:
Nazim Taskin, PhD (Albany)
Aymen Sajjad, PhD (Distance)
Jennifer Scott, DBA (Palmerston North)
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DISCIPLINARY ACTION BY THE UNIVERSITY. http://copyright.massey.ac.nz/cll.html#copywarn
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CONTENTS
Welcome ............................................................................................................. 1
Course Coordinators ........................................................................................... 1
Albany Offering: Dr Nazim Taskin ..................................................................... 1
Distance Offering: Dr Aymen Sajjad ................................................................... 2
Palmerston North Offering: Dr Jennifer Scott....................................................... 2
The Course ......................................................................................................... 4
Aim ................................................................................................................. 4
Prescription ...................................................................................................... 4
Learning Outcomes ........................................................................................... 4
Structure .......................................................................................................... 4
Lectures ........................................................................................................... 5
Albany Offering ............................................................................................ 5
Distance Offering .......................................................................................... 5
Palmerston North Offering ............................................................................. 5
Suggested Study Programme ............................................................................... 6
Tentative Study Schedule ................................................................................... 6
Your Online Learning Environment .................................................................... 8
Textbooks and Recommended Reading ............................................................... 8
Required Textbooks .......................................................................................... 8
Compulsory Business Simulation (Software) ....................................................... 8
Recommended Reading ..................................................................................... 9
Assessments ...................................................................................................... 11
Assessment One: Essay ................................................................................... 12
Assessment One Marking Schedule ............................................................... 13
Assessment Two: Report ................................................................................. 14
Assessment Two Marking Schedule .............................................................. 16
Referencing .................................................................................................... 18
Plagiarism ...................................................................................................... 19
Extensions and Late Submission of Assessments ................................................ 20
APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 21
The Writing Process ........................................................................................ 22
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Welcome
Welcome to you all. The topic of project management was first introduced as a special topic
in 2002 and has been very popular, attracting around 400 students annually. The course is
designed around the textbook and follows the project life cycle.
152.252 is a 15 point credit, 200-level course and is one of the courses you can credit towards
a Massey undergraduate qualification such as the BBS, the Graduate Diploma in Business, or
other Massey undergraduate qualification.
This course is delivered in three concurrent offerings, each with a dedicated course
coordinator. All students will share a combined Stream site and will progress through the
course and assessments at the same time. You will all have access to the same slides,
materials, and any recordings uploaded to the Stream site, but will submit your assessments to
your offering’s course coordinator. This will be detailed later in this Guide.
Course Coordinators
There are three coordinators for this course, each dedicated to one offering: Albany, Distance,
and Palmerston North.
Albany Offering: Dr Nazim Taskin
152.252 Project Management 项目管理 assignment 代写
I am Nazim Taskin, and I will be facilitating the Albany project management course. I am a
Senior Lecturer at Massey University’s Albany Campus. I completed my doctoral degree in
Interdisciplinary Studies at University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus. I have taught
courses such as enterprise systems, data warehousing and data mining, business statistics,
programming, information systems, project management, social media, and strategic
information systems. My research areas include Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems,
strategic alignment, supply chain management (SCM), ontology development, research
methods, decision support systems (DSS), Big Data, and knowledge management (KM).
Nazim Taskin, PhD, MBA, BSc
Phone: (09) 414 0800 ext. 43402
Fax: (09) 414 8109
Location: QA.3.07, Quad B Building,
Massey University, SH17, Albany
Postal address: School of Management
Massey University
Private Bag 102 904
North Shore City 0745
New Zealand
• Office hours: Wednesday 10:00 – 12:00 or by appointment
• The best way to communicate with me is e-mail.
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Distance Offering: Dr Aymen Sajjad
I am Aymen Sajjad, and I will be facilitating the distance project management course. I am a
Lecturer at Massey University, Albany Campus. I completed my doctoral degree in
Sustainable Supply Chain Management at Massey University, Albany Campus. I am also
working as a member of CSR and Sustainability Research Group at Massey Business School.
I have taught courses such as organizations and management, business and society, business
and sustainability, strategic management and business policy, organization and management
theory, and project management. My research interests include sustainable supply chain
management (SSCM), green supply chain management (GSCM), sustainable logistics and
procurement management, supply chain management (SCM), business sustainability,
corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sustainable business strategy.
Aymen Sajjad, PhD, MS, MBA
Phone: (09) 414 0800 ext. 43387
Fax: (09) 414 8109
Location: QB 2.11, Quad B Building,
Massey University, SH17, Albany.
Postal address: School of Management
Massey University
Private Bag 102 904
North Shore City 0745
New Zealand
• Office hours: Thursday 10:00 – 12:00 pm or by appointment
• The best way to communicate with me is email.
Palmerston North Offering: Dr Jennifer Scott
I am Jennifer Scott and I will be facilitating the Palmerston North project management course.
I moved to New Zealand in late 2015 and took up a substantive position with Massey
University as the Academic Strategy Manager for the University, based on the Palmerston
North campus in 2016. Having completed my BSc(Hons) in Chemistry, my MBA in Project
Management and Leadership, and my Doctor of Business Administration, I have been
involved with project management in both the private and public sectors in Canada, Australia,
Singapore, and New Zealand.
Jennifer Scott, DBA, MBA, BSc(Hons)
Phone: (06) 356 9099 ext. 86304
Location: R5.04, Registry Building
Massey University, Palmerston North Campus
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Postal address: School of Management
Massey University
Private Bag 11222
Palmerston North
New Zealand
• Office hours: Tuesday 11:00am – 12:00pm, Friday 8:30am – 9:30am or by appointment
• The best way to communicate with me is e-mail.
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The Course
Aim
This course consists of a critical academic and practitioner focused review of modern project
management at an introductory level. It is a 15 credit course that can be put towards a number
of undergraduate qualifications. The course assumes no prior knowledge of project
management but assumes some knowledge of business practice. It is open to
students/graduates whatever their academic or working background.
The course consists of two major sections:
1. Managing a project – Projects from an internal perspective
2. Managing by projects – Projects from an organisational perspective
Prescription
An introduction to the theory and methods employed in project management.
• Prerequisite(s): Any 100-level course
• Co-requisite(s): Nil
Learning Outcomes
After completion of the course, participants will be able to:
• (LO1) Compare and contrast the management characteristics of projects and critically
locate them within the broader management, organisational and practitioner
knowledge bases;
• (LO2) Analyse approaches for effectively organising project teams and linking them
to stakeholder organisations;
• (LO3) Evaluate the tools and techniques commonly used in the management of
projects; and
• (LO4) Assess the frameworks for project justification and success.
Structure
To meet the aims and objectives of the course, and thereby achieve a successful outcome, you
will need to be a self-motivated and active learner. A 15 credit course assumes an average of
around 12 hours of self-study per week. We cover a lot of ground in a relatively short time,
and many issues are complex, but adequate preparation will mean you find the subject matter
stimulating as well as challenging. This involves:
• Independent reading. It is not enough to rely on lectures alone. To get the most out
of the sessions you should selectively read the key material for each lecture. For the
written assignments you will need to read much more widely in order to offer a
coherent analysis of the key issues and evaluation of debates.
• Participation in class. Please request clarification for any points that are not clear,
and contribute where you have relevant project or business experience for the points
under discussion.
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Lectures
The lectures provide the basic structure for the course. The course is organised around a series
of themes. So while the lectures may focus on discrete topics, the series forms a coherent
whole in which understanding of one part will help you better understand others.
The first function of a lecture is to present an overview of the main material for each topic.
However, it is not possible (nor desirable) to attempt to cover everything within the lectures.
Instead, these resources should be taken as a guide to the core areas and key concepts that you
need to learn, and a stimulus to further reading. You are encouraged to extend your learning
beyond the material directly presented in the lectures through your own research.
The lectures also act as an important vehicle for students to raise questions and engage in
discussions – with each other, as well as with the lecturer. Teaching thus involves prior
reading, active listening (take notes, ask questions) and participation (join in reasoned,
evidence-base discussion). These are important transferable skills that are useful for managers
as well as students.
Chapter-based slides from Pearson Education will be uploaded at the beginning of the
semester, within the relevant teaching week. If your course coordinators provide additional
slides, they, or a version of them, will be uploaded prior to the lecture they will be used in.
Students are expected to come to class and take notes. These notes (i.e., answers to questions
or solutions to problems, etc.) will be complementary to the slides posted on the Stream site.
Some of the solutions may be fully or partially posted on the Stream after the lecture.
However, the instructor has the right to choose which solutions and to what extent the
solutions will be posted on Stream.
Albany Offering
A weekly 3 hour class will be held on Tuesdays between 3:00pm - 6:00pm in room MBS-
AUD. Lecture outlines will be provided on Stream along with additional readings. The
structure of each class will be based around overheads, exercises and discussion. The formal
part of the lecture will last between 2 - 2.5 hours, with less formal tutorials or assistance
provided after this as required. Student attendance at classes is strongly recommended. Solely
relying on the material on Stream and the textbook, without attending lectures, is likely to
result in a lower grade for this course.
Distance Offering
A weekly online Connect session will be available using Adobe Connect on Wednesday
nights from 6:00-7:00pm. Lecture notes will be provided on STREAM before each class. The
structure of each class will be based on lecture notes, exercises and discussion. Although on-
line attendance is not compulsory, it is strongly recommended. The connect sessions are
intended to provide students with an overview of the specific topics covered in this course.
Palmerston North Offering
A weekly 2 hour lecture will be held on Mondays between 12:00pm and 2:00pm in SSLB2.
On Wednesdays we will have a tutorial/workshop in SSLB3 from 3:00pm to 4:00pm, and on
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Fridays we will have a tutorial/workshop in SSLB4 from 1:00pm to 2:00pm. The structure of
the lectures will be based around the course slides, discussions, and exercises. The tutorials
or workshops will be an opportunity for students to work through activities and ask questions
of the course coordinator and their peers. It is expected that students attend the lecture as well
as one tutorial/workshop each week. Solely relying on the material on Stream and the
textbook, without attending the face to face opportunities, is likely to result in a lower grade
for this course.
Suggested Study Programme
The more effort that you put into studying this course, the more that you will personally gain
from it. The schedule below reflects how we will progress through the 12 teaching weeks.
Please use the mid-semester break and study week wisely, to review and catch up on class
material and topics. This schedule should guide your own study; you may choose to spend
more time on the topics we cover that are more challenging, depending on your background
knowledge and experience.
Tentative Study Schedule
Semester 1, 2017
Week Dates Topic Chapter Assessments
1 Feb 27 – Mar 5 Course outline, Project
Management introduction
1
2 Mar 6 - 12 The organisational context 2
3 Mar 13 - 19 Scope management and project
teams
5, 6
4 Mar 20 - 26 Project selection 3
5 Mar 27 – Apr 2 Project scheduling 9,10
6 Apr 3 – 9 Project scheduling 10, 11 Assessment 1 due:
10:00pm April 7 th
MID-SEMESTER BREAK: April 10 - 23
7 Apr 24 - 30 Leadership and the project
manager
4
8 May 1 - 7 Risk management and project
failure
7
9 May 8 - 14 Cost estimation and budgeting 8 Assessment 2 due:
10:00pm May 12 th
10 May 15 - 21 Project evaluation and control 13
11 May 22 - 28 Project closeout and termination 14
12 May 29 – June 4 Review
STUDY BREAK: JUNE 5 - 11
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FINAL EXAMINATION – (Examination Timetable: http://exams.massey.ac.nz)
Note: Before attending weekly classes, students should:
Read the compulsory readings from the textbook and Stream
Read any additional material posted in Stream (e.g., case studies, etc.) and bring it to class
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Your Online Learning Environment
This course makes use of the Stream to distribute material, such as the lecture slides and
additional readings to help to create “online learning environment.” This will allow you to
communicate through the Internet with your course coordinator and your classmates. Access
to the Internet and e-mail is essential.
Any feedback you can provide on the value of this service, both during the course informally
as well as in the formal course evaluations, would be greatly appreciated.
The online environment helps you do well in the course in three ways:
• Increased interaction with your peers, which research has shown can have a positive
impact on learning.
• Regular participation in the discussion group, which helps increase motivation for
finishing readings in a timely manner.
• Increased exposure to the material, which will increase retention.
As mentioned, you will be using a combined Stream environment with the other concurrent
project management offerings. You will see the same slides as the other offerings and will be
able to engage with all students. You will have access to any additional materials posted by
the other offering coordinators, such as recordings or reading materials. However, you will be
submitting your assessments to your specific offering coordinator. Your coordinator may also
post offering-specific news in the offering news forum.
Textbooks and Recommended Reading
Required Textbooks
Pinto, J.K. (2016) Project Management: Achieving competitive advantage (4 th Ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
You can order your textbooks from:
BENNETTS Albany Campus Branch:
Telephone: (09) 443 9707
Web Site: http://www.bennetts.co.nz/
Compulsory Business Simulation (Software)
Author: Harvard Business Publishing
Publisher: Available from: http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/57066007
Notes: To purchase the business simulation (approx. US$15), go to the website link provided.
Further instructions available via Stream.
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Recommended Reading
The academic journal literature
This is an important source of knowledge because:
• Articles often explore specific issues more comprehensively and in-depth than general
textbooks, and recent articles are often more up-to-date;
• Published academic papers have been through a process of ‘peer review’ (assessment
by the editor and two or three leading experts in the area), providing a level of
rigorous and focused quality assurance.
So, while textbooks are good sources for introducing key concepts and theories, and
providing an overview of the main agreed research findings, journal articles are more likely to
offer the latest ideas and high-quality results from research. To get even more out of the
lecture sessions, ideally you should read the relevant chapter from the course text and one or
two important articles beforehand. But when it comes to the written assignments, you will be
required to critically engage a much broader set of published papers in relevant journals.
In this course, some useful journal articles will be referenced for you for most lectures.
However, this is by no means an exclusive list and you will have to find others by doing
library research. Being able to generate a list of relevant readings is an important skill in
itself. The best way to explore the academic literature is by purposive searches (e.g. by author
or keywords, or using the citations Index), in the library’s article databases. This is almost
certain to produce a wider range and better quality of material than ’googling’ alone.
In addition, you may also want to try browsing recent issues of relevant journals such as the
International Journal of Project Management (IJPM) or Project Management Journal (PMJ),
whether physically or online. Note that the more important mainstream management journals
also carry articles relating to project management.
Your ability to find and utilise the most relevant articles is an important determinant of your
essay and report grades. Library and online-research skills are therefore essential. If you feel
that you need help or training in this area, check out the student learning services
(http://owll.massey.ac.nz/), consult the library staff for advice, or come to your course
coordinator for help. Of course, the generation of relevant material is only the start. You will
need to know how to engage and evaluate academic articles in order to identify their main
strengths and limitations. This too is an important skill which will be necessary to build your
argument in the written assignments. Hence we might sometimes focus on a particular article
in class to examine issues such as:
• What is the paper’s point of departure (e.g. a gap or controversy in the literature)?
• In empirical papers, what methodology was used, and with what implications?
• What is the main argument of the article, and do you find this convincing?
• How might you use it in an assignment?
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Other sources of information
Popular and practitioner-oriented magazines and journals can also be a useful source of
current material. An example is the PM Network published by the Project Management
Institute (PMI). But remember to take care how you assess the objectivity, etc. of non-
academic material, or indeed the practicality of academic material.
Student Learning Centre
If you feel that you might have problems with basic study skills or writing skills, contact the
Centre for Teaching and Learning, which runs courses for students throughout the year. It is
located in the Study Centre. There is also a Writing Consultant available to assist you (by
appointment).
Internet Links
Project Management Institute: Based in the USA
http://www.pmi.org/PMBOK-Guide-and-Standards.aspx
This is a worthwhile site to look at as it is the largest project management institute that serves
practitioners and organizations with standards that describe good practices, globally
recognized credentials that certify project management expertise, and provides resources for
professional development and networking. The PMI recognised framework standard is the
PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge).
Project Management Institute: Based in NZ
This is the local chapter of the above institute.
http://www.pmi.org.nz/
PRINCE2: Based in the UK
http://www.prince2.com/
This is a worthwhile site to look at as it is the second largest project management framework.
PRINCE2 is a process-based approach to project management, providing a tailored and
scalable project management methodology for the management of all types of projects. The
method is the de-facto standard for project management in the UK and is practiced
worldwide.
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Assessments
There are three assessments (one of them being an examination) for this course that are
related to the learning outcomes of this course. The first is an essay linked to learning
outcomes 1, and 3. The second is discussion report that relates to learning outcomes 1, 2, and
4. There is then a final examination as the third assessment at the end of the semester (during
final exam period) which relates to all four learning outcomes.
Assessment Due Date Word Limit Weighting
1 - Essay 7 April 2017 – 10:00 pm 1200
30%
2 - Report 12 May 2017 – 10:00pm 1500 40%
3 - Examination Check -
http://exams.massey.ac.nz
30%
To complete this course you will need to do both assignments, sit the examination, and
achieve at least 50% across the entire course (a combined total from all assessments).
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Assessment One: Essay
Due Date: 7 April, 2017, 10:00pm
Weighting: 30%
Word Count: Maximum 1 of 1,200 (excluding the reference list)
Learning Outcomes: 1 and 3
Assignment brief:
In order to complete this assignment you need to run the HBR Simulation 2 on Project
Management (http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/57066007). In order to run this
simulation, you first need to purchase the license individually. After purchasing the licence,
you will be allowed to run the simulation. You are required to run three scenarios (A, B, and
C). Scenarios A and B are for you to practice and learn about the simulation (you can run the
A and B simulations as many times as you want). You are then required to run scenario C.
You will be given ONLY ONE attempt before commencing your essay. We strongly suggest
you to pay attention the screen to see whether you are running the right scenario.
Essay Question:
In your essay 3 you will need to reflect on the decisions in the simulation that led to your
overall score. Your essay should critically discuss project constraints and how your
management of these constraints have affected your project success. Your essay should
integrate related literature and reflections from the simulation. You should also provide a
screenshot 4 of your simulation score at the end of your essay.
What we expect from you:
There are certain points that are common to all essays that your course coordinators would
expect to be present in yours. We will be looking for a clear introduction on what the essay is
about. Then we would expect a logical development of the argument and some conclusions
that follow. The main emphasis is on the content and critical analysis. Conclusions must be
precise; each and every key finding must be individually highlighted. The remaining marks
for the essay will be given for structure, presentation, style, and referencing. We would expect
clear referencing of your sources (APA format 5 ), all of which are relevant to the essay. Your
essay should draw on ONLY material from peer-reviewed literature (at least five journal
articles) and project management texts (at least one text book excluding this course’s text
book). Relevant information from your simulation experience should also be included within
your essay.
1 You will be penalised for exceeding this word maximum.
2 Please contact the course coordinator directly if you have trouble accessing the Simulation.
3 Please refer to the OWLL site on essay writing: http://owll.massey.ac.nz/assignment-types/essay.php
4 http://www.take-a-screenshot.org/
5 For APA guidelines please visit http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php
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Assessment One Marking Schedule
Content, Critical Analysis, Relevance (50%)
• Dimensions of topic identified and clearly introduced.
• Logical development of argument.
• Applied and critically analysed different forms of knowledge using appropriate project
management perspectives.
• Demonstrated understanding of project management in theory and practice.
• Successful integration of simulation with the relevant literature.
• Depth of discussion.
• Relevant conclusions.
Style, Structure, and Presentation (20%)
• Correct format (i.e., 1.5 line space, Times New Roman, 2.5cm margins, paragraph,
justified text, and essay structure).
• Integration of material – readability.
• Correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
• Clear, legible, and professional presentation.
• Ability to use own words succinctly and elegantly.
• Overall impact and persuasiveness.
• Clarity, conciseness, fluency, and quality.
References (20%)
• Correct referencing of sources (APA style).
• Familiarity with related textbook chapters, journal articles, and evidence of additional
research.
• Acknowledged sources (APA style).
• Integration of a range of quality resources.
Simulation Score (10%)
• Simulation score.
• Simulation screenshot.
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Assessment Two: Report
Due Date: 12 May 2017, 10:00 PM
Weighting: 40%
Word Count: Maximum of 1,500 (excluding the reference list)
Learning Outcomes: 1, 2, and 4
Scenario overview:
EGCM is a medium-sized, family-owned manufacturing company that wants to increase its
prototyping capability. EGCM is considering two very different projects to achieve this goal.
The first project builds on existing company practices around prototyping. This option is tried
and tested and considered to be a low risk way of increasing EGCM’s prototyping capability.
The project fits well with the company’s ethos, existing team based structure, and company
culture. This project would not require a great deal of training for existing staff, and would
require very little change to the existing traditional team-based processes at EGCM. It is very
much a refinement of ‘business as usual.’
The second project is a significant step away from existing practice, whereby EGCM would
use 3D printing to prototype at a high speed and low cost. This project requires a greater
capital input and is considered to be high risk. This is because it moves away from the
company’s traditional practices. The existing employees would require significant training to
use this equipment, and it is also likely to result in the redundancy of experienced staff that
would not fit with the new way of prototyping. However, if successful, it would provide a
significant competitive advantage to EGCM and would be very profitable.
Assignment brief:
EGCM has employed you as an external consultant to facilitate their decision making. Your
report needs to outline how this decision could be made using various project management
selection methods. You will need to present at least four different selection methods, and
discuss the assumptions, advantages, and disadvantages of these selection methods. Your
report needs to state which selection model and project you would advise them to choose and
why. You will need to include relevant justification and realistic assumptions while
demonstrating the selection process for both selecting model and demonstrating the selected
model. Once you have carried out your assessment submit your report to the Director of the
company.
What we expect from you:
We will be looking for a clear, concise report, submitted to the company’s Director. Your
report can be inductive or deductive. For report writing guidelines please visit
http://owll.massey.ac.nz/assignment-types/business-report.php. The maximum word limit of
1500 includes the main body text, tables and in-text citations. It excludes the reference list.
You do not need to attach a cover page with this assignment. You will be penalised if you
exceed the word limit. We expect you to use at least one textbook and five peer-reviewed
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articles, with clear referencing (APA style 6 ). Marks will be given for structure, presentation,
style, and referencing.
6 http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php
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Assessment Two Marking Schedule
Content, Critical Analysis, Relevance (60%)
• Demonstrated understanding of project selection techniques in relation to EGCM.
• Critical analysis of selection techniques has been discussed with other project
management concepts.
• Dimensions of topic identified and clearly introduced.
• Logical development of arguments (including assumption).
• Depth of discussion.
• Relevant conclusions.
• Correct calculations/use of selection model.
Style, Structure, and Presentation (20%)
• Correct report structure has been used.
• Correct format (i.e., 1.5 line spacing, Times New Roman, 2.5cm margins, justified
text).
• Integration of material - readability
• Overall impact and persuasiveness
• Correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
• Clear, legible, and professional presentation.
• Ability to use own words succinctly and elegantly.
• Clarity, conciseness, fluency, and quality.
References (20%)
• Correct referencing of sources; At least one text book and five peer reviewed articles
have been used.
• Familiarity with related textbook chapters, journal articles, and evidence of additional
research.
• Acknowledged sources (APA style) i
• Integration of a range of quality resources.
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Assessments 1 and 2 Submission
Assessments 1 and 2 are to be submitted electronically on Stream. These assessments will be
automatically be checked by Turnitin software for plagiarism. Your assessments will be
marked and returned to you within 15 working days of the due date. Remember to always
keep copies of your assessments, in the unlikely event that they become lost. You are also
advised to check that assessments have been uploaded successfully on Stream before the due
date.
Before submitting your assessments, please ensure you include:
• A cover sheet that states:
o Course number
o Assessment number and name
o Your name (as it is on the university records)
o Your student ID number
• Note: The cover sheet is the first page of your assessment and should NOT be
submitted to Stream as a separate document
• A footer that includes
o Your name and student ID number
o Page number
• The name of the document you submit should be structured as following:
o YourfirstnameYourlastname – Assessment1 – 152252 – 1701
o Example: JohnDoe – Assessment1 – 152252 - 1701
Writing Guidelines
Some good guides to writing essays and reports as well as referencing are found at
http://owll.massey.ac.nz/assignment-types/business-report-writing-resources.php, as well as:
Bowden, J. (1997). Writing a report: A step-by-step guide to effective report writing (4th ed.).
Plymouth, England: How to Books.
Emerson, L. (Ed.). (2009). Writing guidelines for business students (4th ed.). South
Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning.
Eunson, B. (1994). Writing and presenting reports. Brisbane, Australia: John Wiley & Sons.
Manalo, E., Wong-Toi, G., & Bartlett-Trafford, J. (2009). The business of writing: Written
communication skills for business students (3rd ed.). North Shore, New Zealand:
Pearson.
Other sources you may find useful:
Report Writing
Essay Writing
Essay Writing - Summary
Essay Writing and Format Guide (Supplementary - Geography student focussed)
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The following are some essay writing ‘musts,’ although they apply equally well to all writing,
not just essays:
1. Approaching the essay. Read the question very carefully and make sure you
understand it. Make a plan – list the main points you will cover in your focused
discussion.
2. Structuring the essay. Make sure that your essay includes:
a. An introduction stating the purpose of the essay, briefly giving a background /
context to the topic, defining any key terms and concepts used in the essay, as
well as providing a brief statement of the structure of the essay;
b. A discussion, focussing on different but relevant aspects of the topic; and
c. A conclusion that does more than simply summarise what has already been
said – on the basis of what you have read and written, you must come to a
verdict relating to the question set.
3. Developing an argument. Critically engage the relevant academic literature (i.e.,
analyse and assess it, rather than read and repeat it). Support your ideas and
propositions with evidence and examples. Pay attention to describing and explaining
contingencies and sources of variation in the issues under consideration, and avoid
generalisations.
4. Presentation. Check spelling and grammar. Some use of bullet points is permitted. As
a general principle, use quotes sparingly (e.g., Where an author has used a particularly
telling phase) and only in support of your argument. If you wish, it is acceptable to
write in the first person (i.e., using ‘I’). The format for citation and referencing in this
course is APA. Failure to use this format correctly will result in a grade penalty being
applied. NB: Consult the student advisory service OWLL (http://owll.massey.ac.nz/)
if you are unsure about any matters of style or substance concerning essay writing.
5. Finally, double-check to avoid the risk of plagiarism (see guidelines below).
Referencing
All sources for an assessment should be listed in a reference section at the end of the
document. Reference lists are formatted according to certain conventions. All
Departments/Schools in the College of Business have adopted the formatting conventions of
the American Psychological Association (APA style). For all assessments, therefore, your
reference section should be formatted according to APA conventions.
Details on APA formatting for books and journals are available in “Assignment Writing
Guidelines for Business Students.” Copies of this booklet are obtainable from Bennetts’
Bookshop. For details of how to format more unusual material (proceedings of meetings, TV
programmes, individual interviews), refer to the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association. It is available on request from the reference librarian. Finally,
there are several excellent guides for APA referencing available on the Web.
Another source (link) of good information on referencing on Massey’s site:
A Handy Guide to APA Referencing
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Plagiarism
Plagiarism, the passing off of another’s work as your own, is regarded most seriously by the
School and by the University. Full details of the College of Business policy are set out in the
College Information & Policy Handbook, but essentially the policy is that assessments,
essays, reports, research studies, and papers submitted as part of course requirements must be
either:
(a) The original effort of the students, or
(b) Properly attributed to the appropriate sources.
Plagiarism is defined by Massey University as:
Presenting as one’s own work the work of another, including copying or paraphrasing of
another’s work without acknowledging it as another person’s work through full and accurate
referencing. It applies to material presented through written, spoken, electronic, broadcasting,
visual, performance or other medium.
Any form of plagiarism is considered to be Academic Misconduct and is viewed seriously by
this University. If plagiarism is detected in any written assessment, the student will be
severely punished and may get zero marks.
• Do not obtain anything from a web based paper mill or cheat site.
• Do not copy material from previously submitted assessments.
• Do not cut and paste material from web pages without acknowledgement of the
source.
Plagiarism includes copying another student’s work or submitting as your own an assessment,
essay or report which is substantially based on another person’s work.
When drawing from textbooks or journal articles, you do not have to reference ideas or
concepts that can fairly be regarded as common knowledge. However, ideas, concepts, or
evidence that are not common knowledge, and are not your own work, must be supported by
an appropriate reference.
You may not include lengthy passages from textbooks, journal articles, or other sources
without providing appropriate referencing; including quote marks if a direct quote is being
used. However, rather than use lengthy quotes, it is usually better to paraphrase the work
using your own words, give the correct reference, and explain how the ideas relate to your
own arguments (refer to the Online Writing and Learning
http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/quoting-and-paraphrasing.php).
Where there is clear evidence of plagiarism, all the parties involved will be penalised by
receiving no marks for the piece of work concerned. This means you should not allow other
students to access your files. More serious penalties, such as failure in a whole course, or
exclusion from the University, may be imposed for repeated offences or other serious
transgressions of this policy.
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Extensions and Late Submission of Assessments
The due date of the assessment is the date that it is submitted on Stream. You are advised to
check that the assessment has been uploaded successfully to Stream before the due date. For
electronic submission, the deadline is 22:00 on the due date.
For Assessments 1 and 2, extensions without penalty are granted in ONLY exceptional
circumstances (unexpected and unavoidable) such as a personal illness or family
bereavement. We understand that unforeseen circumstances might occur and we try to
accommodate these. However, if you possibly can (as with illness), please try to contact your
course coordinator before the due date and negotiate a revised due date. Late submissions will
get no or limited feedback.
PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT THE ABOVE CASES APPLY TO YOU BEFORE SENDING AN
E-MAIL TO ASK FOR EXTENSION.
When an extension has been granted, please attach documentary evidence of your
circumstances relating to the assignment (e.g., doctor’s or counsellor’s certificate), or post the
evidence separately (e.g., when submitting online with no access to a scanner – keep a copy
for yourself).
Unless an extension has been granted work submitted late (within seven days after due date)
will gain a maximum grade of C or marks will be deducted on a rate determined by the
course coordinator.
Assessments will NOT BE ACCEPTED after SEVEN days of the due date.
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APPENDICES
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The Writing Process
Writing essays
If your research has been thorough, you will be in a good position to move on to writing your
essay.
The structure of an essay
An essay is generally made up of three elements: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. The
Introduction and Conclusion each make up about 5-10% of the total essay, while the evidence
paragraphs (the body) make up the remainder.
• The Introduction should briefly outline your argument or thesis and/or give your
overall position on the topic.
• The Body may be made up of two or more supporting statements, followed by
sentences which develop these ideas with evidence.
• The Conclusion is a summarising statement which leads to a final broad statement on
the implications or significance of your argument.
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Paragraphs
A topic sentence should be used at the beginning of each paragraph. Its purpose is to
introduce one idea, which is then developed in the rest of the paragraph by:
• Explanation
• Examples
• Proof
• Reasons
Length
An essay paragraph should not be longer than about 200 words. As a general rule, most essay
paragraphs have three to 10 sentences.
Make sure you always develop arguments adequately.
Writing the essay
There are five stages in writing an essay.
1. Write an essay plan
Using the essay structure shown above, you should be able to plot a broad essay plan in
outline form.
• The introduction: In the briefest way, note down the main point, central proposition,
or argument.
• Main points: Note the main points which support your central idea. At undergraduate
level you should be able to identify three to five main points, depending on the kind of
essay. Each point will form a separate paragraph.
• Conclusion: Your conclusion should repeat the argument or central idea and
summarise the findings or arguments presented by the main points.
2. Draft
Following a broad essay plan will make it easier to write a draft. Never try to write an essay
neatly without at least one or two drafts. Few people are good enough writers to be able to
produce a well-structured essay in one sitting. Try to write as quickly as you can. Don’t think
about sentence structure, grammar, or spelling at this stage.
3. Revise
Take a break between writing the draft and writing the final version of the essay. This will
allow you to disengage from your own writing and evaluate it critically. The things to look
out for when revising your draft are:
• Has the question been answered?
• Are the central ideas clearly expressed and well supported by your main points?
• Is there a logical thought flow from beginning to end?
• Is the essay about the right length?
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4. Edit
Before you write your final version there are some things you should check first:
• Does each paragraph have a topic sentence and a single subject?
• Does sentence length vary?
• Is your spelling correct?
• Have you avoided using sexist language?
• Have you used the first or third person correctly and consistently?
• Are your quotes or citations properly integrated into your work? Have you
distinguished between your ideas and the ideas of other writers?
5. Write final version
You are now ready to write a final version. Typed submissions are preferred; however, if this
option is unavailable, make sure your writing is legible. Markers hate struggling to decipher
bad handwriting. … and finally TAKE A COPY! Assessments occasionally get lost so a
backup copy is always a good bet.
Essay checklist
Please check to make sure you have included the following important elements of a good
essay.
Introduction
Does the essay have an introductory paragraph (e.g., the purpose of this essay is to…?)
Does your introduction restate the topic and outline your main arguments and
conclusions?
From your introduction, will your reader understand what your essay is about?
Body
Do your ideas introduced in each paragraph relate to the essay topic?
Do your ideas proceed logically?
Have you defined terms which have a special meaning?
Are the statements you make supported by what you have read – theory, research …?
Have you written in full sentences?
Does your information come from the required number of books or articles?
If you have used someone else’s idea, have you acknowledged this by citing their
name and the date of publication?
If you use an author’s idea in your essay, is their name in your List of References?
If you have used an author’s name in your List of References have you cited their
work in your essay?
Conclusion and presentation
Do you have a conclusion?
Does your conclusion summarise what you have discussed in your essay?
Are you within the word limit?
Have you proofread your essay for spelling errors, punctuation and readability?
Have you included a List of References?
Does your essay have a completed cover sheet?
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Writing reports
The following structure can be used for report writing at university level or for report writing
in a professional business situation. The principles for research, drafting, editing, and
rewriting your report are the same as those for essay writing. The only difference is the
overall structure.
The core structure of a report has six sections, which can be arranged either deductively or
inductively, depending on specific requirements. A deductive style is used if you want to
present the findings first and the discussion last. Employ the inductive style if you want to
lead readers through your argument and convince them of your position.
Deductive Inductive
• Title page
• Introduction
• Conclusions (Recommendations)
• Discussion
• References
• Title page
• Introduction
• Discussion
• Conclusions (Recommendations)
• References
Additional possible requirements:
In some situations you would be expected to add the following additional sections as follows:
Covering letter/memo
(used when a report is going to several readers)
• Use a memo if the reader is in the same organisation and a covering letter if not
• Identify topic
• Identify person who commissioned the report
• Acknowledge assistance
• Indicate willingness to provide additional information.
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Title page
• Title of report
• Name of person submitting the report
• Name of person to whom the report is being submitted
• Date of submission
• Course title and number.
Executive summary
(for senior management to get a quick overview of the report findings)
This is used when writing a report in a business context. It summarises the aims, objectives,
and main findings of the report. It provides a quick overview for the senior manager who does
not have time to read the whole report.
Table of contents
Use if the report is longer than six pages.
Introduction
• Briefly details the context and subject of the report
• Defines the objectives of the report
• Outlines the scope of the investigation
• Indicates the broad conclusion reached by the report
• Comments on any limitation of the report and assumptions made
Conclusion
• Relates to the objectives detailed in the introduction
• Is a list of numbered points
• Shows major conclusions first
• Is short but identifies major issues
Recommendations
• Suggest an action
• Are related to discussion and conclusion
• Are numbered
• Are arranged in order of importance
• Are brief
Discussion
• Explains your conclusions
• Justifies your recommendations
• Presents evidence for your conclusions
• Shows effects of current situations and potential benefits from your recommendations
• Is divided into numbered sections with headings
• Cites any theoretical arguments which support your position
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152.252 Project Management 项目管理 assignment 代写
References
You will need to provide references in APA style.
Appendices
(provide detailed information for the specialist reader)
• Provide detailed information for specialised people
• Relate clearly to the report
• Are listed in the contents
• Are numbered and have a title
i For APA guidelines please visit http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php
152.252 Project Management 项目管理 assignment 代写
