与股东理论不同，利益相关者理论倾向于包括任何能够影响或受特定群体活动影响的个人或群体（弗里曼，1984）。通过对澳大利亚皮尔森公司的利益相关者分析，对利益相关者的调查可以使决策者或管理者清楚地了解这些利益相关者，并有效地与它们进行互动。在每一个类别中，利益相关者可以进一步划分为一个更具体的群体，以便为他们找到适当的战略。此外，同质群体可以帮助管理者更有效地交换信息。在这份报告中，四类利益相关者称为联动模型如下详细分析皮尔森澳大利亚格鲁尼和狩猎发达（1984）。
建立联系是对公司施加一定控制权和权力的利益相关者。在皮尔森澳大利亚，股东、董事会、政府和决策者都属于这一类。该集团在公司的运作中，具有制定战略和重新配置资源的能力和权威。
股东：皮尔森是一家上市公司，皮尔森澳大利亚公司是它的子公司。因此，皮尔森澳大利亚公司的责任是为自己和股东创造利润。同时，战略执行和经营业务有时也会受到这些股东投票的影响，或者受到他们的态度的影响。
董事会：2010，皮尔森澳大利亚已合并成为一个更大的公司，形成皮尔森亚太。在管理团队的努力下，特别是在皮尔森澳大利亚首席执行官David Barnett的领导下，公司的使命和目标已经制定，并为澳大利亚市场的更好发展制定了战略和计划。
顾客：任何一种业务都是针对某一类消费者的。在皮尔森澳大利亚的业务范围内，学生、教师和学习机构是其主要客户。它的书籍和学习工具对这些客户是否流行和有用，在公司的经营业绩中能否起到关键作用。反过来，这些教育产品也会对学生和教师的学习过程、学习机构的教学方式产生巨大的影响。
员工：没有工作人员，任何产品都不能有效地设计、生产和针对目标市场。在信息技术、管理或其他部门工作的雇员为公司的更好发展奉献自己的时间和精力。反之，教育市场的卓越表现为员工带来更多的奖金和机会。
合作伙伴：在皮尔森澳大利亚，它选择了许多合作伙伴来调动这些资源，使它们得到最佳利用。作者对出版的图书和其他联机活动做出了巨大贡献，是其中最重要的合作伙伴之一。书商的行为像一个经销商帮助这些书的销售。各种学校、学院和大学也是与皮尔森澳大利亚合作的关键参与者，以便为学生提供最好的教育。同时，这些精心设计的书籍或研究工具可以使学习过程更容易，效率更高。
竞争对手：作为世界上最大的教育出版机构之一，皮尔森教育面临着来自其竞争对手的激烈竞争。市场份额、对消费者和公众的影响都能对皮尔森澳大利亚的战略管理产生巨大的影响。例如，麦克米兰出版商澳大利亚和麦格劳希尔教育（澳大利亚和新西兰）被视为其竞争对手的目标市场，在教育出版和学习。有人建议他们迅速作出反应，保持市场份额，吸引更多的潜在消费者。
扩散联系通常被描述为那些没有直接与公司交换的公司，但是间接地受到公司的影响。
悉尼assignment代写: 亚皮尔森公司分析
2.1 Stakeholder Analysis
Different from the stockholder theory, stakeholder theory tends to include any individual or group which can affect or be affected by the activities of that particular group (Freeman, 1984). With stakeholder analysis of the Pearson Australia, an investigation of the stakeholders enables policymakers or managers to have a clear understanding these stakeholders and interact with them effectively. In each of the category, the stakeholders can be further divided to a more specific group so as to find appropriate strategy for them. Moreover, the homogenous group can help managers to exchange information more efficiently. In this report, four types of stakeholders called the linkage model are listed below in details according to the analysis of the Pearson Australia developed by Grunig and Hunt (1984).
2.1.1 Enabling Linkages
Enabling linkages are stakeholders who exert some control and authority on a company. In Pearson Australia, stockholders, board of directors, government and policy makers can fall in this category. This group is crucial in the operations of a company for the ability and authority to formulate strategies and relocate its resources.
Stockholders: Pearson is a listed company with Pearson Australia a subsidiary to it. Therefore, it is the responsibility of Pearson Australia to make as profits for itself and for its shareholders. At the same time, the strategy execution and operation business can sometimes be affected by the vote of these stockholders or influenced by their attitudes towards it.
Board of directors: in 2010, Pearson Australia has been merged into a bigger company to form the Pearson Asia Pacific. With the efforts of the management team, especially under the leadership of David Barnett, the CEO of Pearson Australia, the mission and goal of the company has been outlined and according strategies and plans has also been made for the better development in the Australian market.
Government and policy makers: Government policy can have a great influence on the strategy making process of a company. For example, a good relationship with the department of education and the Australian Publisher Association can bring benefits to the company in compliance with the regulations and allocation of the resources to their best.
2.1.2 Functional Linkages
Functional linkages are further divided into input functions that provide labor or resources to serve the company and output functions that purchase the products.
Customers: Any kind of business is targeted with a certain kind of consumers. Within the business of Pearson Australia, students, teachers and the learning institutions are its main customers. Whether its books and learning tools are popular and useful to these customers can play a pivotal role in the business performance of the company. In turn, these educational products can have huge impacts on the learning process of the students and teachers, teaching style of the learning institutions.
Employees: Without its working crew, no product can be efficiently designed, produced and targeted to the target market. Employees working at Information Technology, Management or any other department devote their time and energy for the better development of the company. Reciprocally, excellent performance in the education market brings its employees more bonuses and opportunities.
Partners: In Pearson Australia, it chooses many partners to work with for relocating these resources for their best utilization. Authors are one of the most important partners for their great contributions to the books published and other on-line activities. Booksellers acts like a distributor to help the selling of these books. Various kinds of school, colleges and universities are also crucial participants in cooperation with Pearson Australia in order to provide the best education for the students. At the same time, these well-designed books or research tools can make the learning process easier and more efficient.
2.1.3 Normative Linkages
Normative linkages identify those who have a similar interest, values in the same business. In this category, competitors of Pearson Australia are mainly concerned.
Competitors: As one of the largest education publishing in the world, Pearson Education is confronted with fierce competitions from its competitors. The market share, the influence over the consumers and the general public can all have huge impact of the strategic management of Pearson Australia. For instance, Macmillan Publisher Australia and McGraw Hill Education (Australia and New Zealand) are considered as its competitors with their sharing target market in the education publishing and learning. It is suggested to quick reacted to their strategies to remain the market share and attract more potential consumers.
2.1.4 Diffused Linkages
Diffused linkages are often described as those who do not have direct exchanges with the company, but are indirectly affected by the company.
Local communities: The local communities mainly refer to any community involving in the education activities in Australia. As a forerunner in education publishing, testing and on-line leaning, its influences go far beyond the consumers who purchase its products. It aims to educate people, deliver knowledge to the public and keep the society informed and prosperous. As it is agreed by the supporters of stakeholder theory, one company should not only pursue the benefits for itself and its shareholders, but also take social responsibilities. In this way can the one be a both commercially successful and public trusted company. Concerned with education, it is the duty of Pearson Australia in contributing its resources to serve local communities in Australia. The Smith Family which is developed to help these disabled children to be educated and the Indigenous Literacy Project launched to help the remote and minority communities are what Pearson Australia has always been trying to do to make the society more educated.
Media: in a traditional sense, the media has little interactions with one company. However, in a consumer-oriented era, a good relationship with the media makes a difference in its business. To make it more general, public relations are of growing concern to the general public. For Pearson Australia, the hold of various kinds of competitions, the utilization of social media and videos are all effective media strategy for a better representation of its brand and image.
2.2 Conclusion
By and large, there are a wide range of stakeholders for Pearson Australia. Identification and segmentation with these stakeholders can be beneficial to the company. Besides, missions and strategic plans can be developed on the basis of stakeholder analysis.
